Global Harmonized System (GHS) in Construction: Understanding Chemical Safety
Construction sites rely on hazardous materials like paints, solvents, adhesives, and fuels every day. Without proper labeling and handling, these chemicals can lead to serious health risks, fires, and environmental hazards. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration adopted the Global Harmonized System (GHS) in 2012 to create standardized chemical labels and safety data sheets (SDS), reducing confusion and improving hazard communication across industries.
Why GHS Matters for Construction Workers
Chemical exposure is one of the top safety risks in construction, and failure to follow GHS guidelines can result in costly OSHA penalties. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reports that improper handling of hazardous chemicals contributes to thousands of workplace injuries each year. Some of the most common risks include:
- Inhalation of toxic fumes: Paints, adhesives, and solvents release fumes that can cause dizziness, lung damage, or long-term health issues.
- Skin and eye burns: Corrosive materials can cause severe chemical burns if workers don’t use proper protective equipment.
- Fire and explosion hazards: Improper storage of flammable materials increases the risk of fires and job site accidents.
- Misidentification of chemicals: Without clear labels and hazard symbols, workers may unknowingly mix or misuse hazardous substances.
Key GHS Labeling and Safety Features
To reduce chemical-related injuries, the GHS system standardizes hazard communication with clear labels, safety sheets, and classification systems. The American Society of Safety Professionals outlines the key elements of GHS compliance:
- Standardized Labels – Every hazardous chemical container must have:
- Signal Words: “Danger” or “Warning” to indicate the severity of hazards.
- Pictograms: Easily recognizable hazard symbols for flammables, corrosives, and toxins.
- Precautionary Statements: Clear instructions on safe handling, PPE requirements, and emergency response.
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS) – Replaces older Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) with a consistent 16-section format, making it easier to find handling, storage, and first-aid information.
- Hazard Classification System – Chemicals are categorized by:
- Physical hazards (flammability, reactivity)
- Health hazards (toxicity, irritation, carcinogenic risks)
- Environmental hazards (impact on water, air, and soil).
Best Practices for GHS Compliance on Construction Sites
Keeping workers safe around hazardous chemicals requires proper labeling, training, and protective measures. The Environmental Protection Agency recommends the following GHS best practices:
- Ensure Proper Labeling – All chemical containers must have GHS-compliant labels. Unmarked or damaged labels should be reported and replaced immediately.
- Keep SDS Readily Available – Every worksite must have an SDS for every chemical used, stored in an accessible location for workers.
- Train Workers on Chemical Safety – Employees should be trained to read labels, recognize hazard symbols, and follow SDS guidelines for safe handling.
- Use PPE Based on Chemical Hazards – Depending on the substance, workers may need gloves, goggles, face shields, or respirators.
- Store Chemicals Properly – Flammables, corrosives, and reactive substances should be stored separately and in approved containment areas.
- Follow Proper Spill Response Procedures – Workers must know how to use spill kits, contain hazardous spills, and report incidents
- Dispose of Chemicals Correctly – Waste chemicals must be disposed of following OSHA, EPA, and local environmental regulations.
Get this Toolbox Talk in PDF format
Let's Talk Safety!
Schedule a free 30-minute consultation with our in-house CSM – no strings attached.
